Dr. Karina Doorley:

There is a lot of literature on this because if money is on the table, you would assume people would apply for it. Stigma is a big reason. Some people do not apply for welfare because they feel like they should not or that welfare is not for them. They do not want to be tarnished by that welfare stigma. It might be complicated. The rules might be complicated. For example, I think the means test for the medical card is different from a lot of other things because you can deduct a lot of your expenses in order to qualify. You can deduct childcare expenses, housing expenses and things like that, and then that is the income that is assessed for eligibility for a medical card. Many people just do not know that so they do not know they are eligible. Finally, the process itself may be arduous. With the old family income supplement, I think you used to have to get a signature from your employer to validate your claim. Maybe some people did not want to go to an employer for a signature or that made it overly complicated. There are a number of reasons. I do not think we have separated out how much of it is due to which reason. We have done some work-----