Paul Murphy (Dublin South West, Solidarity)

That is very useful. Apologies if my next question has already been asked. Could our guests outline what research is taking place on the environmental impact of AI? It is part of the illusion that this is all happening in the cloud and that we do not see the material footprint, but, obviously, there is an immense material footprint. Data centres globally are responsible for around 3% of electricity usage. There is much talk of that doubling in light of the impact of AI. The likes of Google and Microsoft have effectively given up on their carbon-neutral targets, citing AI. The other impact that is probably spoken about less in Ireland is in terms of water usage, which is also enormous. Is there any information on the research around that?