Jim O'Callaghan (Dublin Bay South, Fianna Fail)

The 12 readmission agreements I outlined are all EU agreements. The Cathaoirleach is correct that countries may enter into bilateral agreements. We have also achieved agreements with other countries in respect of readmissions. For instance, the Cathaoirleach will be aware of recent returns to Georgia. Those returns happened as a result of agreement between the Government of Georgia and the Irish Government. They are not related to any formal readmission agreement.

On the 1,000 Kazakhstanis who have arrived in the EU in recent times, I am informed that, since 2019, Ireland has received 12 international protection applications from Kazakhstanis.