Mr. Brian Honan:

I absolutely agree. There is a whole layer of stuff. Coming back to the Deputy's comment about introducing cybersecurity as part of a module in all third level institutions, I am familiar with many institutions that provide training to students who wish to be software developers but I question whether they are being trained to develop software in a secure way, thereby building security systems. These are the tenets we are now bringing in. Under GDPR, you must have privacy by design and by default in every system you set up and design. What level of competence do the individuals the Deputy mentioned, who are designing, developing, installing and maintaining those systems, have? What level of training do they have? What assurances do we have that they are doing things in accordance with those provisions? That is a big problem at the moment. Cybersecurity is a small niche in the overall IT industry. The industry is really only 20 to 25 years old whereas IT is decades older. In many ways, we are still trying to find our feet, which is why it is important that we have these research areas and so on to ensure we are doing things in the most secure way. This is particularly relevant in the context of new technologies coming in. How do we ensure that AI and everything else that is coming on board is being deployed in a way that is not going to introduce insecurities, whether accidentally or deliberately, or-----