Dr. Des Crowley:

I will take the question on codeine dependence. Certainly, codeine dependence is equivalent to opioid dependence but it is a different drug. The Leas-Chathaoirleach is right that it is a different cohort and they have different needs. In the areas in which I work in my own practice, the first line of treatment would be to provide people with buprenorphine. We are progressing another OST option now which is depot buprenorphine. This is a monthly injection which has revolutionised a huge number of people's lives, particularly in the patient cohort we are talking about, because they only need to go once a month to get their depot. That is the type of service for which primary care is ideally placed because that is where you come into further discrimination and stigma. They need to go to their general practitioner. They need to have a GP who has that specialist skill to assess and then to provide the treatment. That is where we would be advocating for in ICGP.