Ms Martina Chapman:

I can come in on some high-level comments and I am sure colleagues will want to come in with more detailed responses.

A lot of factors contribute contribution and to the harm that can come from disinformation. One of the key things about disinformation is that it exploits human vulnerabilities, that is, the fears and concerns that people have. One aspect of countering disinformation is to try to address the underlying issues that make people vulnerable to disinformation narratives in the first place.

We have also got the role of media literacy and being able to empower people with the skills, knowledge and confidence to interrogate the information they are getting and. as Mr. Godfrey said, understand the ownership of media, the operation of media and what media is regulated and how. That is all knowledge that enables people to make informed choices and to be able to judge the reliability and accuracy of information.

Thinking about the particular situation that the Senator described, there is something there about prebunking and also debunking and being able to see if there is a particular disinformation narrative see that is coming up the ranks and being able to prebunk that in a timely manner. With prebunking and debunking, it is a delicate situation. What we do not want to do is to draw attention to something and inadvertently help to amplify it but if it is left too late, it comes to the old saying that the lie is halfway around the world before the truth has its boots on. We have to ensure that the public has access to accurate and reliable public information. These are some of the factors around this.

Other colleagues would probably like to comment on that.