Dr. Kenneth McDonagh:

To pick up on that point on the security challenges the EU is facing, and this goes back to the Cathaoirleach's question about what an EU approach to neutrality might be, I do not know where that will land exactly. There are solidarity clauses within the treaties, etc., but the reality, which has probably been expressed to the committee members more forcefully when they have engaged with their European counterparts, is that there is a greater cost to not being seen to express and live that solidarity in different ways or to have good answers to the questions that Professor Tonra asked, such as what is Ireland's contribution across this range, however we define security and what our interests are. There needs to be more public debate on that so that Ireland has a response and we are able to say these are the costs, these are the benefits, this is what we have decided to do, these are the capabilities or resources we are willing to put towards that, and we are willing to live with the consequences of that, positive or negative, in dealing with our other partners.

The only other point I would come back to as well is a point by Deputy Ó Murchú around social media and disinformation. We are seeing this in AI, not only because we are going through the examinations period in college. That is why it is fresh in my mind. That points back again for the need for-----