Mr. Mark Malone:

Regarding finances, there are a couple of streams. There are a couple of ways money is raised online. Generally, there are platforms that allow you to pay and there are the payment systems that facilitate the movement. There is then stuff on the dark Web such as Bitcoin or whatever, which we have less visibility over. YouTube and Twitter allow monetisation. People regularly use PayPal and it is against its terms and conditions, and we have put reports in there. It is not just the social media companies; it is finance companies as well. Revolut is a big one and Stripe is a significant one. Stripe is a payment handler for pretty much every online payment. Websites for white national groups still rely on Stripe at the back-end of the website, even though it is not necessarily front and centre as in Stripe being visible. Without Stripe’s active input in the facilitation of the money transfer, it would not happen. Stripe and many of these organisations will front-end their commitment to free speech. Stripe can sell you a sex toy in the USA and allow white supremacists to get money. Where there are regulations put in place, they will work within that regulatory framework. I mentioned YouTube, PayPal and Revolut. Small fringe kind of payment systems such as Buy Me a Coffee, Patreon and SubscribeStar are all quite active as well. Money is the difficult bit to trace though. Often there is not much visibility around what is being paid. However, regarding where we see people actively using Revolut, PayPal and other quite prominent providers, those groups have terms and conditions about how they are to be used and they are not committing to them either.