Dr. Kris Shrishak:

I will take up the issue of AI-generated images that was mentioned. There are disconnected elements in the legislative tools that exist. For instance, there is the GDPR, when it comes to the personal data aspect. Enforcement is a question there. While the nearly complete artificial intelligence Act has an element on labelling deep fakes, it is still difficult to see how unlabelled deep fakes will be detected. That is a challenge. In addition, there is the EU Digital Services Act, which is being adapted now. Article 16 of that Act allows people to alert a platform about illegal content. That is one element that is possible. In addition to the Irish regulation that was mentioned, there are similar regulations in some other countries, such as Germany, which also criminalise distribution of deep fakes. The key in all of this, however, is that none of this touches on the aspect of production or generation of deep fakes. That is a key element. It is circulation and distribution that are primarily being targeted by different legislative tools, but generation is not necessarily. We do not have a complete solution but there are pieces here and there.