Mr. Chris Macey:

Outcomes tend to take a generation to wash through. For example, there is a higher rate of lung cancer deaths among women than there was previously because more women started smoking a generation ago. With regard to where we are with smoking, the smoking rate among children is starting to rise for the first time in a generation. We can be reasonably confident in saying that we are looking at potentially losing those hard-won gains as a result of the explosion in vaping. Since 1997, the smoking rate among teenagers fell from 41% to 13% but is now back up to 14.4%. If you look at where this is happening, you will see it is happening more in disadvantaged areas than in advantaged areas. There is no doubt about that.