Mr. David Moloney:

We have not done a detailed study of others' experience. In general terms, it seems to us that everyone faced the pandemic in the same way. It obviously became very urgent. As I look across public services generally, in many areas our assumption was that as soon as society opened up again, we would be post pandemic and there would not be any further expenditure implications. In fact, however, the pandemic has had a slightly longer tail as regards its impact on the labour market, on supply chains and on demand for health services, potentially because of the lack of access to those services during the pandemic for people who might otherwise have availed of them. All those pieces are shared in other countries but that last piece in particular is the one we are grappling with in 2023.