Dr. Eimear Cotter:

Where measures are being implemented and where they will have a positive impact, we will see these coming through in the data within about 12 months. If we think of the period of drought in 2018 and the associated farming practices which went with it at that time when we saw a lot of fertiliser being applied to the land, that came through in our monitoring data in autumn 2018 and spring 2019. Conversely, where positive measures are put in place, we expect to be able to see those results in the monitoring data within a 12-month period. However, it is important to say we have not seen those trends up to now. As I say, nitrates have been trending upwards over recent years and we saw an increase again in 2022.