Ms Niamh Davenport:

I will start with the final point on debit cards and credit cards. There is no difference because the card is either a Mastercard or a Visa. The cards are covered equally under the Mastercard or Visa schemes. Whether the card is debit or credit does not make any difference. Each bank takes its own preventative measures, which include transaction monitoring. A bank would have its own risk assessments and set different limits. Not every transaction can get picked up, especially the lower ones. Fraudsters will often test. It would depend on the banks own controls and risk assessments. Banks try to prevent such transactions. I cannot comment on that case because it has to do with Apple as well. An improvement was made in that regard. The transaction going through Apple can add a layer of complication. I do not know if there was a takeover on the phone or handset, or what may have happened in that incident. This is where telcos come into play. They can identify messages appearing on screens.