Darren O'Rourke (Meath East, Sinn Fein) | Oireachtas source

I thank Ms Donnelly for her contribution. In regard to park-and-ride facilities and the opportunity they present, there are examples around Dublin and the other cities. In trying to accommodate people, there may be an opportunity, arising from having an expanded park-and-ride network. Would Ms Donnelly agree?

Other members spoke about SUVs. This challenge was discussed last week by the Economic and Social Research Institute, ESRI, and Trinity College Dublin. We tax vehicles based on emissions and we hope to get to a place with zero-emissions vehicles in the not-too-distant future. Does Ms Donnelly have a perspective on how a future regime that would also incentivise people to use appropriate transport modes as much as possible might look?

Turning to mobility as a service, a number of members mentioned GoCar and at least one producer also has a shared-ride scheme in Dublin city. Does Ms Donnelly see an opportunity in that? Does she think that is, for want of a better term, the direction of travel within transport, whereby a Leap-style card could be used on various forms of transport?

Related to that, as Deputy Leddin said, we visited Utrecht and Amsterdam as a committee at the weekend. Those cities have severe capacity constraints on parking given the number of bikes in public spaces, while high-powered electric bikes are also a challenge because of their speed and power, as are e-scooters. As I understand it, they are not allowed in the cities, and they have been banned in Paris. We are quite a way down the road towards regulating for them. Does Ms Donnelly have a perspective on their use? We do not yet have wide experience of them, yet other places that do are reviewing or reconsidering their use and taking various approaches.