Mr. Derek Tierney:

No organisation can give a 100% assurance. We can see that with the attack on Munster Technological University and other organisations. What we can say is that post incident, PwC was commissioned by the board and did a very thorough investigation post response. We have responded with an investment case and working with our colleagues in the Department of Public Expenditure, National Development Plan Delivery and Reform, we are increasing the investment year on year. Following 2021 when €55 million was expended in direct response, 2022 saw €43 million recurring investment allocated to the HSE and ring-fenced for cyber purposes. In 2023, we added to that with €40 million once-off funding to allow us necessary time to understand what the longer-term needs are. There is a stated investment requirement of just north of €675 million over seven years. We have just reached that but we need to do some further work to analyse that in the context of where we are.