Oireachtas Joint and Select Committees

Tuesday, 6 December 2022

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Justice, Defence and Equality

General Scheme of the Criminal Justice (Sexual Offences and Human Trafficking) Bill 2022: Discussion

Ms Isabel Toolan:

Delphi is a methodology. A group of academics from the European Commission and the International Labour Organization, ILO, formed a set of indicators for various forms of trafficking - child, sexual exploitation and labour exploitation - and put them into six dimensions. Those dimensions must be fulfilled in various ways. The dimensions are coercion at destination, coercive recruitment, deceptive recruitment, exploitation, abuse of vulnerability at destination, and recruitment by abuse of vulnerability. There are strong, weak and medium indicators and they can combine. It is a complex but comprehensive system. When I assess a case for trafficking for labour exploitation, I consider all of the dimensions, see how many are fulfilled and count up the indicators. Some are strong, some are weak and some count more. It is almost a scientific system, but it allows someone to assess the whole circumstances of a case. It is useful when guiding questions with a victim.

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