Ms Niamh Callaghan:

We do not have colleagues from the capital section here but I can answer generally. The national development plan, NDP, was published back in 2021. It sets out €165 billion in expenditure out to 2030 and a number of reforms are also set out in that document, of which the Deputy may be aware. One of those was to set up a Project Ireland 2040 delivery board which oversees the delivery of the NDP. Two major reforms within that were the introduction of independent external reviews of projects in excess of €100 million at two decision points in the project life cycle. We also have a major projects advisory group set up in our Department to review those business cases. That is looking to strengthen the process we go through for large projects, but a number of issues have been highlighted around the significant underspending in capital expenditure, and the Deputy has alluded to some of them. There were ongoing supply chain issues and delays, there was some progress in the contracts due to Covid and then there were challenges in the labour supply. If the question is spending-specific, we can get the Deputy more detail.