Mr. Derek Brady:

Absolutely. It would also lead to inefficient driving through towns, etc., causing air quality issues in towns and safety risks for those engaged in active travel. That was our takeaway. There would be some carbon reductions but it would generate traffic risk to other road users. This was related to application of speed limit reductions to national roads only and that was the limit of our study. While our remit and brief in TII involves national roads only, interventions around speed limit reductions on national roads have wider and more far-reaching consequences.

One of the chief conclusions of our study was that we need to have a more holistic view and to look at interventions beyond just the national road network.

Yes, drivers factor tolls, alongside fuel costs and journey time savings, into their routing decisions. It all adds up to what we call generalised cost. Drivers factor that in, absolutely, but with a-----