Dr. Aoife O'Grady:

Some vehicle manufacturers are piloting programmes where the batteries are rented. The battery technology, though, is of such a higher grade now, is improving so much and is able to power such long ranges that there is no need for such an approach. Batteries are also now capable of taking a very high-speed charge. Some of those coming on the market can take a 250 kW to 300 kW charge. This means that if it is possible to get a charging infrastructure to match that ability, which we will have in a few years, it will be possible to charge vehicles within five minutes and go. It will not be very different from the current petrol refuelling model. We are not at that point yet, but we will get there pretty quickly.