Dr. Jim Stewart:

Yes, Cillian Doyle and I have estimated that the total capital raised to Ireland by section 110 firms from 2005 to 2017 was €118 billion. I have extended this period from the year 2018 to 2021, and have found that €17 billion was raised by section 110 firms. That amounts to €135 billion in total. Most of that, not all of it, was raised on the Dublin market through loans that are quoted but not necessarily, or very rarely in fact, traded on the Irish Stock Exchange. There is, therefore, evidence of the amount of money raised using section 110 firms.