Mairead Farrell (Galway West, Sinn Fein) | Oireachtas source

I thank Dr. Stewart. The IFSC appears to have a long-standing relationship with the Russian economy. I am aware Dr. Stewart's research detailed the period of 2005-17 but in the 1990s the use of Irish-registered non-resident companies by those from Russia attracted much adverse comment in the international media and even in Dáil debates. Here the IFSC seems to focus as a conduit for purposes like capital flight, money laundering and other illicit flows. That is money that was leaving Russia and entering the West. The use of section 110 over the last two decades shows the relationship seems to have maintained but now the flow seems to move in the opposite direction, that is, from the West back into Russia. What does Dr. Stewart think explains the pattern of this flow of funds and is there any possible relationship to the Russian Government's policy?