Mr. Donall O'Keeffe:

The short answer is they will have to. These guys are specialists in the late-night economy. They tend to attract those staff who are interested in that. Currently, late bars are generally staffed with younger people who love the buzz, the energy and the vibrancy of a bar that is moving well late at night. It will be a huge challenge to get to 5 a.m., which is a significantly later extension than we have currently seen. However, I know those publicans who are interested in that late space have the ambition to do it, so they will make it happen. That is what they are good at. It is a huge challenge.

The other point I would make about the really late trading is there will be a ferocious challenge around insurance. Late trading insurance for regular late bars, which close at 2.30 a.m., is ferocious. I have a big cohort of members who are insured for 2.30 a.m. trading, who are spending between €80,000 and €140,000 per year on public liability insurance. That is more than €2,000 per week. If the trade goes later, that will get more expensive. Therefore, insurance is a real issue, as are the costs of staff and the availability of staff.