Dr. Oliver Kinnane:

Yes, certainly. Perhaps I will use the opportunity to make a plea to some extent for research in the field. We talk like we know buildings well but really, our knowledge of buildings is very poor. We are making a huge intervention here with the national retrofit programme without knowing exactly how certain building typologies actually perform. I think Deputy Alan Farrell mentioned historic properties. One property in six in this country is traditionally built and those properties will operate very differently to a modern-day construction. How we retrofit them and the materials that we use to do so are very different. That has to be understood by designers and people who install them. There is always the likelihood that we will make the wrong decisions unless we increase our knowledge base. As Dr. Lindblom has said, we are trying to increase the focus, within architecture and engineering schools in UCD and around the country, on circulatory life cycle thinking. There is also space for designers and installers to upskill in the understanding of materials and how buildings perform, particularly in our damp climate, where many of our traditionally-built buildings contain a lot of moisture. How we deal with that is key.