Mr. David O'Connor:

I may be able to take this question. We refer to the five cities report which is obviously focused on the cities. It points to what it calls Tier 1 strategic pillars, the first of which is the 15-minute city. We could talk at length about that. It is essentially about walkability and creating walkable neighbourhoods. It also refers to delivering the national planning framework, NPF, which is enormously important. There have been developments but for a period planning was very loose in this country and there were very limited controls on location assessment. There is an enormous population that is very disconnected. The NPF has made certain moves to address that and to stop it but counteracting it is going to take a long time. There are significant vacuum effects of development. It is going to be very difficult. The Connecting Ireland strategy is going to be very important. Increased investment in local links and in that strategy is crucial. The importance of encouraging compact development in our villages, town and cities cannot be overstated. That will not happen by way of the private market alone. The private market has to be regulated. There has to be public investment and schemes like Tosaigh and Croí Cónaithe will certainly be important in that regard.