Dr. Lorraine D'Arcy:

Yes, but I will step in, if that is okay. I will take Deputy Ó Broin's question and expand on it a little. There are other models outside of the planning realm that we should consider, these being community development and sport, health and well-being, and some of the initiatives community groups have at local level. We could look at how we can replicate the types of frameworks and structures they have through their network of local sports partnerships and so forth and use that for a bottom-up, community upwards approach. We know that when it comes to individuals' behaviour they are mainly influenced from the top-down plus bottom-up. Top-down policy is how we design our infrastructure and our bottom-up is individuals, families and decision-makers, and they are influenced by many things. If we want to influence change, we must understand that.

Taking a step back from the reliance on our narratives regarding BusConnects and public transport infrastructure, which are vital and important parts of the jigsaw and transportation development is a part of that, we need to think about our all-day travel and needs. Most of our public transport infrastructure is fundamentally based on the commute because that is the data we have. Traditionally, we have collected data on the commute and we have a bias towards that. We have to think about how we get everywhere during the day and integrate those trips. By learning more about local needs, what people want and how they spend their days, we can start from that point.

Our colleague, Mr. O'Connor, will come in here on policy.