Professor Brian Ó Gallachóir:

I thank the Senator for that clarification. When it comes to equity, I think of both. I think I have answered this question already but I will summarise again, and others may come in as well. With regard to the Paris Agreement alignment analysis, we had a top-down analysis from Andrew Smith and Paul Price looking at the global carbon budget. There is a wide range within that looking at different dimensions to Ireland's fair share because, as the Senator noted, Ireland's fair share is very broad. We can look at historical emissions because there is literature and an international process associated with this. When we were looking at the modelling, we looked at the different scenarios of emission reduction pathways for Ireland. It is not that the models made any interpretation about the Paris Agreement. These were two parallel pieces of analysis. One was by its nature top-down as it was looking at a global carbon budget and trying to estimate what might be reasonable for Ireland in that context. At the same time, we did a bottom-up analysis to understand the implications of different pathways, which we were required to do under the Act. We took on board both those analyses. We also considered the Paris test in the report. That was one part of that analysis of the Paris Agreement. We thought it was interesting to explore what the temperature contributions would be of the different pathways we were considering with regard to the different sectoral emission shares. What we arrived at with the final carbon budget was effectively a collective view on the optimum, based on all the different considerations we were obliged to take into account.