Ossian Smyth (Dún Laoghaire, Green Party) | Oireachtas source

The first question is about OES standards for private cybersecurity industry outside of the public sector. Many of the OESs that are defined already are in the private sector and that is going to be a much larger number than when the NIS 2 directive comes in. They will be subject to a much stricter enforcement regime than has been in place before, although there is already power to force compliance. That does apply to the private sector.

The second question was on whether we are working with academia. The answer is that we always have. It is a very important part of our defence. When the HSE attack happened, a number of academics volunteered to help us and came in and provided assistance. They were on site as well. I thank them for that as it is vital. A lot of cyberdefence is based around education – user education, education at primary and secondary levels, but also the advanced third level element as well. Cyber Ireland is encouraging co-operation between the Government level, academic level and industry level. Those links are strong and growing.

On the question about the quantum computing aspect, I would prefer to do that another time, as I not think I have the-----