Mr. Gareth Llewellyn:

I do not think it will be in huge detail but these are some of the things I have learned over the years. Moving from the internal combustion engine to electric vehicles is hugely important as part of our journey to net zero but it does require the electricity system to be decarbonised as well, of course, because otherwise we are just shifting the emissions somewhere else.

One of the feelings, particularly in the UK, is that for any lengthy journey, people are nervous around electric vehicles because of the range and an innate knowledge about where they may recharge their vehicle and whether the charging process is going to take too long. All of those issues are in the hands of the manufacturers, such as battery technology and range extent. People need to know they can get from where they are to their destination without a recharge and if they do need a recharge, that the recharge is rather quick. I am not sure there is a huge amount that TII could do or should do. Clearly, at the point at which we have significant numbers of electric vehicles, making sure that those recharging stations are in the right place to ensure smooth travel is hugely important. The issues will be more about range and battery technology than it will be about charging stations necessarily.

Another issue is whether the next development is around hydrogen fuel cells and, if hydrogen fuel cells do take over from electric vehicles, whether existing fuel stations can be converted into hydrogen providing stations. If that is the case, the way in which we drive will not be too dissimilar from where we are today. All of those are driven more by policy than they will be by TII, although TII will have to respond to any policy change and any change in purchasing practice.

When it comes to construction more generally, there is a lot of work going on in various sectors around decarbonising construction. I was fortunate to work for the chief executive of the organisation that built the London Olympic Games infrastructure and a huge amount of work was done there on decarbonising the construction process. It is something TII is looking at and the more work we can do in that space, the more we will reduce our own emissions with regard to construction and the management and maintenance of the infrastructure we have.