Mr. Ronan Gallagher:

Yes. There are a couple of points. There are impact assessments for each of the COMs that have been published and I am sure the Department can pull them together for the committee. They have been discussed at length among the member states at the Council working parties. There are various views about how satisfied a member state is with the quality and level of detail. It is very complex, to be fair to the European Commission. It does not have them broken down by country. In many respects, the Commission would say it is the mark of the member states to carry out a country analysis.

Generally among these files, the Commission is presenting them as the minimum member states must do to make sure there is consistency across the Community. Every member state is grappling with different elements of it. Few members have no difficulties with all of these. While we have issues with aviation and maritime connectivity, the eastern European countries have difficulties overall in terms of GDP, affordability and the impact on their populations. At the forefront of member states' minds is the impact on citizens, perhaps for political reasons, because of course one knows what happens when there is a detachment between public policy or government decisions and where populations are prepared to go.

It is important to distinguish between the setting of the targets and pathway and what member states individually might do to mitigate the impact of those targets on the population. It is a top-line exercise to set the targets, for example, to determine how many electrical charging points we need across a European network and what is the right price of carbon, all of those elements. There is a separate piece about how that will impact financially and socially on different demographics in different countries. That varies across member states and within member states.

It primarily falls to national governments to work out who they will provide grants and social protection for. It is a different suite of decisions and a real challenge. The issues before us today concern the targets we need to hit to get to zero emissions by 2050. If we-----