Mr. Bernard Harris:

A significant number of measures were introduced as part of the 2019 review. A significant number of efficiency measures focused on our most intensive sector. I refer to low emissions spreading, as an example. We have seen a direct linkage into the EPA inventory around reduction in ammonia. Since the 2019 introduction of compulsory low emissions for these farmers, I note 11% spread by low emission of total slurry has now been recognised within the inventory. In 2020, that has increased to 16% to 17% and is recognised within the inventory. From next year, that will potentially further increase to 30% of bovine slurries spread through low emission equipment. There is an upward trajectory in regard to the usage of low emission spreading to reduce ammonia, as well as in the recycling of that manure and more organic manure into the system to create potential to reduce the dependency on chemical nitrogen also.