Professor James O'Higgins Norman:

There is a spectrum of experiences in relation to bullying, whether it is identity-based or not. There will be people at one end of the spectrum who may experience being targeted and they will have sufficient support around them and it will be dealt with sufficiently to minimise the impact on them or the people who witness it, or even the people who carry out the bullying behaviour.

At the other end of the spectrum, we have people who will be severely traumatised by bullying experiences whether, as I said earlier, they are targets, bystanders or engaging in bullying behaviour. They will need a more specialised level of therapeutic intervention. Something that has come up in our research is that access to this type of therapeutic intervention is not always immediately available or clearly immediately available to schools. Something on this would be very helpful to provide the service for those who need it. Not everybody who experiences bullying would need this type of care but for those who do need it, it should be easily accessible and readily available.