Mr. Ronan Costello:

On transparency reporting, I would note that Twitter has been publishing transparency reports on a roughly biannual basis for coming up to nine years now. In the past year and a half, we launched a dedicated transparency reporting website. Ideally, every six months, if not more often in the future, updated transparency reports should be on the website, covering not only the legal requests that the company has received and how it has handled them, but also enforcement of our rules, including information about how many accounts we have actioned for violating rules around abuse, harassment, etc.

With respect to the commission requiring certain transparency measures, we would obviously comply with that. If that is the law in the EU, we will comply with that, no problem. I would say, however, and this goes to regulators making space for different approaches to content moderation, that if reporting is standardised and the figures and data points we are required to disclose are standardised, that necessarily puts different companies up against one another in a monolithic way. For example, a large company may have a huge volume of enforcement actions that it has taken and, therefore, smaller companies that approach content moderation in different ways may appear in a negative light by comparison. There has to be a recognition that different companies have different approaches to policies, content moderation and transparency.