Ms Fionnuala Ní Bhrógáin:

If I may respond to the Deputy's question regarding whether this is a global model; it is. Generally, the larger companies, such as Facebook, Google and YouTube, employ the same model and, in fact, regularly use the same outsourcing companies. In Ireland, there are a handful of outsourcing companies that work interchangeably for this grouping of social media companies.

Although it is the global norm, however, new and emerging tech giants are coming out and directly employing, as was mentioned earlier. I am not sure if the Deputy was with us at the time. TikTok, for example, is directly employing people and scooping up content moderators in their droves for the very fact that it recognises them as direct employees and treats them as such.