Dr. Brian Caulfield:

I thank Deputy Bruton for the easy questions. The first was on what percentages the different modes of transport can bring. It is going to be incremental. Public transport will bring the majority of the share. Walking and cycling will have a certain amount also. It is probably 2% from each of these different modes of transport combined. To get to the 2030 target of 51%, there will be a large reliance on electric vehicles, if that is achievable by 2030.

On the figure of €10 billion, many of the figures came from a Department of Public Expenditure and Reform report arising from a cost-benefit analysis it did on the policies around electric vehicles. It found a cost-benefit ratio of 0.144 to pursue the benefits of electric vehicles. That type of ratio would never get anything funded. I will be happy to send the figures to the Deputy. Another point about the electric vehicle is that it is still a car and it still leaves us with a transport problem. In 2019, Dubliners spent nine extra days of their lives stuck in congestion. That also needs to be rolled into the whole cost of electric vehicles.