Mr. Jim Meade:

Absolutely. Electrification is very much a part of our future from a heavy rail perspective. We can make significant inroads in the reduction of our current carbon footprint. Heavy rail has done very well in reducing its carbon footprint historically. We achieved the 2020 Kyoto targets, which were set in 2005, in 2016 with a growing network. We had been improving services dramatically but on foot of many of the initiatives we took, we hit the targets in advance. We are doing a lot of work on the carbon footprint and sustainability front across the business to achieve that. Certainly, the Department of Transport study will consider electrification in the regional cities. If a decision was made to put commuter rail into the regional cities, there is a case to be made for seriously considering electrifying them. At a minimum, one would examine battery electric with some limited charging or electrification. The line between battery electric or going for full electrification is defined by frequency. As one gets to a higher level of frequency, full electrification outweighs the benefits of batteries and charging stations. Electrification should be and, I think, will be part of our future.