Professor Philip Nolan:

I will make a very brief comment. I think Dr. Glynn, as a public health specialist, would be better placed to comment on some of that. There are particular circumstances that apply in industrial settings, where there might be chilling, high airflow and so on. Leaving those factors aside, any high-contact workplace, as one might call them, represents a risk of transmission. We have seen and continue to see smaller outbreaks - smaller because the workplace settings are smaller - in a very wide variety of settings. It is simply a matter of emphasis. Public health colleagues would concentrate on the fact that any workplace where people are required to come together and work closely represents a risk of transmission. Therefore, if an index case appears in such a setting, they move quickly to try to understand whether transmission has occurred within that setting. The short answer to the Deputy's question is that public health colleagues have a very clear picture in their heads as to which workplace settings are higher-risk and which are lower-risk.

I wish to make one other brief comment, though, which is that there are also high-traffic situations, such as in the hospitality and service industries, where people are not necessarily congregating but the staff are exposed to a high traffic of people past them. This is a situation in which not only do we want to watch for transmission but the employees need to be very careful in their preventative measures, and the patrons of those services need to respect the fact that those staff are also front-line staff. The patrons needs to be exceptionally careful not to transmit the virus in attending a restaurant, bar, hotel or whatever else.