Mr. James Cogan:

Under today's conditions, there is not. We firmly believe that under the climate action planning programmes that will be developed over the next couple of years to meet the Paris Agreement goals, demand for this product will increase significantly. Once one does the mathematics, one cannot get away from it.

We have on average 5% ethanol in European petrol today - between countries that have none, countries that have 10%, and places where they have 30% or 85%. That can easily double or treble. It is unimaginable that we could establish rules under the Paris Agreement framework for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and then not use that opportunity.

On the Deputy's question as to why it has not happened, it is simply because we are doing very little. We do not get beyond these introductory conversations. We do not have a form where we can have the next-step conversation to go into the real reason we have not. When the US Government decided to introduce E10, it went to the motor and oil industries and asked whether anybody had a problem with this and everybody said that they had all kinds of problems with it. Then the US Government objected and stated that it wanted them to give a real answer. The US Government repeated the question because it wanted this and the motor industry and the fuel industry said that it was okay. That was in 1978. They have been running all of America's considerable petrol fleet on E10 almost ever since without any difficulties at all. It is a standard change that many countries made many years ago. It is the European standard for petrol.