Mr. Dale Sunderland:

We are engaging with other regulatory authorities across Europe on this matter on a regular basis. We discuss it with each other. There is no consensus about what compliance is with regard to some of these issues so it cannot be taken de facto that there has been a breach because every element of compliance must be looked at. We have achieved some change outside of statutory investigations over the past few months. If it transpires that we need to look at this in a different context, the commission will do so but the companies with which we have been dealing have now enhanced transparency. They are bringing their users through new engagement flows to bring customers' attention to this existence of this sort of processing. They are introducing new technology around misactivation. This is at one end, which is the area for which I am responsible in terms of the supervision element of the commission's work. We drive change, including behavioural change, outside investigations.

The commission has opened 21 statutory investigations into the big technology companies. The first decisions in respect of those investigations will start to conclude in early 2020. That is the spectrum of regulatory activity we must acknowledge. It involves investigations where there will be findings and where appropriate and necessary, sanctions, including administrative fines. At the other end, we interact effectively and robustly with the companies to drive them to make changes outside of investigations. If there is a need for the commission to go into a formal investigation mode, it will consider that fully and take that action.