Mr. Ben Nimmo:

On having a SWAT team, absolutely, what we need is far more investigators in this space who would do this work all the time. There are probably more countries committing to information operations than there are people who are studying them; therefore, there is a massive problem. I would not, however, want to see a Euro SWAT team run by governments because giving governments the right to decide what goes up and what comes down is fundamentally something to which I would object. One nuance on information operations is that quite a lot of the time they do have an interest in achieving a specific outcome. We could see, for example, that the Russian operation in 2016 was very definitely about stopping Hillary Clinton from being elected. There are outcome-specific cases. A lot of the information operations we see are about increasing polarisation. That is where we need to have a conversation, not so much about the operations but about the underlying social dynamic of why polarisation happens in the first place.