Mr. Ryan Meade:

Similarly, we use photo-hashing and a database shared among the industry to identify material that should not have been uploaded in the first instance. Like the other companies, we develop artificial intelligence, AI, classifiers that are able to identify content likely to be violative of our policies. The classifiers are getting more efficient and better all the time, although one note of caution is that AI is better at identifying certain types of content. Some types of content are readily identifiable by machines, whereas others will require a human review to detect. Nevertheless, the technology is constantly developing.

On the timeframe, like in the case of the other companies, pieces of content may take different lengths of time to action. Given there may be questions over context or issues that need to be escalated and further reviewed, timeframes can differ. As I stated earlier, of the videos we removed from YouTube in the second quarter of this year, a total of 80% were removed before they gained one view. That gives an idea of how quickly the majority of violative content is removed.