Mr. Michael Gubbins:

I agree with the three speakers so far. To address a technical element, the apps allow people to communicate directly and instantaneously. I have three kids, so I have seen the use of these apps.

Turning to the point about censorship, it is nearly impossible. For example, if I rang Professor Carthy on the phone, a delay could not be placed on it and I could not be told I could not say something. WhatsApp, Snapchat and so on have the same function as a phone call.

Regulation and legislation are important, but everyone around the table will agree that we must work with the industry and talk to the young people. The ISPCC is in attendance, but not just children should be involved. Adults also have to be involved in and informed on these matters. I have had numerous phone calls over the years about someone whose friend was in a bit of difficulty because of something that had happened online. This issue crosses all age groups. Children are very vulnerable and have to be protected, but there are other cohorts of people we must look after as well.