Professor John FitzGerald:

I am sorry. That is a very important point. Yes, we are doing more in Europe than in many other parts of the world. Parts of the United States are doing more than we are doing, in spite of Donald Trump - California, for example. We are laggards compared with some US states. In the long term, if we are to decarbonise the world, which we must do if we are to affect climate change, we should not expect Africa to start spending huge sums of money because this will not happen. However, we need Africa to decarbonise. The way this will happen is that we will raise the price of carbon in the developed world in order that it pays to develop technologies like wind, solar and electric cars and they become the cheap technology. Already in Chile, for example, they are deploying without subsidy a large amount of solar because the price has come down so much. In India, regarding the outturn in terms of investment in coal-fired power generation, which is incredibly dirty, they have invested much less in the past two or three years because solar has come down so much in price. The development of solar has been driven by the higher prices and the expectation of higher prices in Europe, Japan and elsewhere. Therefore, we must, through the price of carbon, incentivise the world to develop carbon-free technologies in order that they become the cheap answer for the rest of the world, that is, the poor part of the world. Otherwise, this planet is going to cook.