Mr. Nigel O'Neill:

PPP procurement is something that comes in when schemes have gone through their planning phase. The planning phase also requires a significant amount of capital. The PPP essentially funds the construction phase of the project and then the operation and maintenance. Typically, approximately 60% to 70% of the total cost of a project is addressed by the PPP. The other costs such as getting through design, planning and acquiring land are always for the direct Exchequer funding line.

We have such a thin pipeline of future projects that it is really hard to see where we could apply a public-private partnership, PPP, procurement right now. I will hand over to Mr. Nolan, who looks after the planning side.