Dr. Kara McGann:

To touch on the Chairman's and Senator Humphreys's question about intergenerational joblessness, I totally echo the statements the INOU has made about the structural and multifaceted issues surrounding the geographical aspect, but there are also individual issues. Meeting people where they are is vitally important, but understanding people's expectations of what is and is not possible, changing that history and helping people find a way out goes back to early education and the changing of attitudes at that stage. This involves working with the key influencers from that point onwards - specifically parents - to help foster an attitude regarding education and employment, working with the schools, teachers and the career guidance sector and building on areas such as the structural and child care issues, etc. It also involves fostering the idea and attitude that there are opportunities outside of this. We must tackle the structural issues, on one side, and develop this change in attitude, on the other, so that there is not this recurring theme that we fall into the same pattern time after time. This is, in part, a matter of meeting people where they are and having that flexibility, as Mr. Stewart said, within the programmes but also of having that change in attitude whereby there is hopefully an appetite to work with the system where it can meet them.