Mr. Michael Casey:

It is not a high proportion. Most of the growth would have come from other areas. There is international fee income, other fee income, postgraduate, other academic courses, CPD courses and other areas like that. There have also been concerted efforts to commercialise campuses. For example, universities would go to tender to provide bank concessions. If a bank wants to have banking facilities on a campus, the university will try to exploit that in terms of money. They try to generate income through sports facilities and other facilities on campus - car parking and things like that.

There have been efforts in the area of philanthropy. In Ireland we do not have the culture in that respect, but institutions are putting in considerable efforts to develop that area. They are trying to tap into alumni in an effort to develop and promote a culture of philanthropy in higher education.