Mr. Michael Keane:

No, it is measured on efficiency, on the cost of production per litre. There is a huge variation between those at the top and those at the bottom of the scale. There is a great job of work to be done to execute a knowledge transfer to improve the efficiency and the managerial skills of the farming population.

This chart demonstrates some of the shift from a high input system, which involves feed concentrates and a good deal of confinement, shown on the right-hand side, to a low input system, in which much of the milk would be produced from grass-fed animals. The further left one moves along that chart the greater the efficiency of the operation.