Mr. John Doyle:

The programmes were historically developed in a particular ideological response to the issue. I believe that to be fully effective programmes must look at a variety of men. There are different reasons for men's behaviour. The idea that one size fits all, that one can talk about perpetrator and victim and think that there is just one person with all of these characteristics is a mistake. Many men coming into our services have very different experiences. There is often childhood trauma. Things have happened to them where they were the victim as a child. They turn 18 and now they are the perpetrator criminal, but actually they have the same psychological trauma. Again, I emphasise that neuroscience has shown the impact of trauma on people in their lives. It does not just go away. There are those men who may be very much fuelled by a sense of entitlement as men, but there are also men with a desire to change because they recognise that they were the sons of those fathers. They come to us saying, "I thought I would never be like my father, but here I am doing this". That man who has a desire to change deserves a choice. Do not think there is one man coming to our services that one would recognise and point out, as they are not a homogeneous group.