Ms Eithne Reid O'Doherty:

The final point I will make is that the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms has been litigated in a seminal employment equality case in London. The charter only applies in the context of EU legislation but - unlike the European Convention on Human Rights, which is persuasive - it is directly applicable. As a result, it is going to be invoked and we are going to see a constitutional challenge in the courts.