Mr. James Scheer:

Dr. Motherway is referring to our residential 2050 roadmap, of which we have copies for members.

We have modelled a number of scenarios. It is important when modelling to look at a few avenues for decarbonisation, using the range of technologies available. We show that there is potential to reduce the emissions from residential dwellings to about 10% of what they are now, representing a 90% reduction. There are a number of pathways to achieve this, using different technologies, but each has different costs and benefits. The ambition set by the Government for the national energy efficiency action plan up to 2020 seizes that opportunity in buildings. In total, about 50% of the savings would come from buildings and 30% from retrofit. That does not exhaust the ultimate potential, but it is certainly a focus of the current policy. If we consider retrofit as being on a scale from shallow to very deep, very deep being a comprehensive retrofit and shallow being some lighter insulation measures, costs can range from approximately €2,000 to €3,000 for a shallow retrofit to as much as €30,000 or beyond for a very deep retrofit. As the costs increase, so do the benefits. It is always important to consider both. Obviously, there is greater emissions saving potential the deeper we go on the basis that emissions are cumulative.