Mr. John Fearon:

There are a number of initiatives, including integrated ticketing and real-time passenger information, that encourage people to use public transport more. There is continuing investment, where possible, in public transport infrastructure such as re-signalling projects within the city and the opening of some railway stations.

In respect of car usage, much of what has been done has encouraged the move to vehicles in the lower emissions band. That has been quite dramatic. It has increased from about 12% in 2005 to over 90% now and has brought about a significant change. Initiatives like those taxation measures and the carbon tax encourage that sort of shift. In addition, what we are trying to do is to encourage people to look at alternatives for shorter journeys. Much has been done in terms of mobility management, including encouraging large employers in particular to get staff to look at options they have in terms of their journey to work and encouraging people either to walk or cycle on shorter journeys. It would make a difference if a very substantial proportion of those journeys were converted to walking or cycling.